banner



Home  ›  What Do The Colors On A Tropical Hurricane Track Mean

What Do The Colors On A Tropical Hurricane Track Mean

Written By Sunday 2 October 2022 Add Comment Edit

Nautical chart used in plotting tropical cyclone tracks

Atlantic hurricane tracking chart

A tropical cyclone tracking chart is used by those within hurricane-threatened areas to track tropical cyclones worldwide. In the northward Atlantic bowl, they are known as hurricane tracking charts. New tropical cyclone information is available at least every six hours in the Northern Hemisphere and at least every twelve hours in the Southern Hemisphere. Charts include maps of the areas where tropical cyclones form and track within the various basins, include proper name lists for the year, basin-specific tropical cyclone definitions, rules of thumb for hurricane preparedness, emergency contact information, and numbers for figuring out where tropical cyclone shelters are open up.

In paper form originally, estimator programs were developed in the 1980s for personal home and use past professional person weather forecasters. Those used by weather forecasters saved preparation times, allowing tropical cyclone advisories to be sent an hr earlier. With the advent of the internet in the 1990s, digitally-prepared charts began to include other information forth with storm position and past track, including forecast track, areas of wind impact, and related watches and warnings. Geographic information organisation (GIS) software allows finish users to underlay other layered files onto forecast tempest tracks to anticipate future impacts.

History [edit]

Tropical cyclone tracking charts were initially used for tropical whirlwind forecasting and towards the end of the year for mail flavor summaries of the season's activity. Their use led to an north Atlantic-based term still in use today: Cape verde hurricane. Prior to the early 1940s, the term Cape verde hurricane referred to August and early on September storms that formed to the due east of the surface plotting charts in use at the time.[one] By Oct 1955, charts used for tropical cyclone tracking and forecasting operationally, such as The states Conditions Bureau Form 770-17 and National Weather Service Chart HU-1, extended e to the African coast.[2]

Within the U.s.a. since at least 1956,[3] during the Atlantic hurricane season, those within threatened states were provided hurricane tracking charts in society to follow tropical storms and hurricanes during the flavour for situational awareness. This was more pop along sections of the southern Eastern Seaboard and Gulf Declension of the United States than the coast of California due to their increased danger of a landfalling tropical whirlwind. The maps would include identify names, latitude and longitude lines,[4] names of the storms on that year'due south list,[v] along with hurricane preparedness data.[6] Newspapers,[3] television stations,[4] radio stations,[7] banks,[4] restaurants,[8] grocery stores, insurance companies,[5] gas stations, the American Crimson Cross, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, state departments of emergency direction,[9] the National Weather Service,[4] and its subagency the National Hurricane Middle were the primary suppliers of these charts. Companies would distribute these for costless every bit they were considered skillful advertizing.[4] Some would take a table where you could enter data prior to plotting the storm's position,[10] usually using an associated tropical cyclone symbol: open up circle for tropical depression, open circle with curved lines on opposite sides of the circle for tropical storms, and a closed circumvolve with curved lines on opposite sides of the circle for hurricanes.[11] The Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards Department started preparing special tropical cyclone tracking charts for its archipelago in the 1980s.[12]

Initially, the charts were in newspaper form. Magnetic charts appeared in 1956.[thirteen] Past 1974, laminated paper was used, and by 1977 maps were placed under glass,[4] and then that grease pencil, washable marker, or dry erase marking could be used and that the map could be used for multiple seasons.[14] Starting in the 1980s with the increasing popularity of personal computers, programs were available to rail the storms digitally,[15] and databases of past storms could be maintained. However, computational space requirements did non allow access to the unabridged hurricane database for a related basin until the 1990s, with the advent of more powerful computers with megabytes of storage and file quantities became less limited in figurer directory structures. Starting in the mid 1990s, with the popularity of the World wide web, web sites kept images of old hurricane tracks and interactive spider web sites immune yous to specify parameters for the storms you wished to display.[16] Ongoing storms accept tracking charts with forecast rails overlaid.[17] Since 2004, GIS software has been bachelor for hurricane tracking.[eighteen]

Move away from paper utilise operationally [edit]

Forecast model tracks within ATCF. The NHC official forecast for Ernesto (2006) is lite blue, while the storm's actual track is the white line over Florida.

Historically, tropical cyclone tracking charts were used to include the past track and ready future forecasts at Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers and Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers. The demand for a more modernized method for forecasting tropical cyclones had become apparent to operational weather forecasters by the mid-1980s. At that time the U.s.a. Department of Defense was using newspaper maps, acetate, grease pencils, and disparate calculator programs to forecast tropical cyclones.[19] The Automated Tropical Whirlwind Forecasting System (ATCF) software was developed by the Naval Inquiry Laboratory for the Articulation Typhoon Warning Eye (JTWC) start in 1986,[20] and used since 1988. During 1990 the organisation was adjusted by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) for use at the NHC, National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the Central Pacific Hurricane Heart.[20] [21] This provided the NHC with a multitasking software surroundings which allowed them to better efficiency and cut the time required to make a forecast by 25% or 1 hour.[21] ATCF was originally developed for employ within DOS, earlier afterward being adapted to Unix and Linux.[20] Despite ATCF's introduction, into the belatedly 1990s, a National Hurricane Centre forecaster stated that the most important tools available were "a pair of dividers to measure altitude, a ruler, a brush for eraser dirt, three sharp pencils colored crimson, black, and bluish, and a large paper plotting chart".[22]

Markings used [edit]

Tropical whirlwind symbols used past the National Hurricane Eye

A JTWC paradigm of the runway of Whirlwind Quang from April 2015

Track of Hurricane Irma from 2017 with colored dots representing Saffir-Simpson scale intensities

Symbols used within the charts vary by basin, by center, and by individual preference. Simple dots or circles tin can be used for each position. The National Hurricane Heart uses a variety of symbols composed of overlapping six'southward and 9'south for tropical storms and hurricanes to emulate their circulation pattern, and a circle for tropical depressions.[23] Other Northern Hemisphere centers used the overlapping 6 and 9 symbols for all tropical cyclones of tropical storm force, with 50's reserved for tropical depressions or general low pressure areas in the tropics. Southern Hemisphere versions would use backward overlapping vi'south and 9'due south. The World Meteorological System uses an unfilled symbol to describe tropical storms, a filled symbol to depict systems of cyclone/hurricane/typhoon strength, and a circle to describe a tropical low or tropical convective cluster.[24] Colors of the symbols may be representative of the cyclone's intensity.[25]

An example of a chart for Matthew showing its five-twenty-four hour period forecast track

A black and white track chart for Hurricane Floyd (1999) using a conic projection

Lines or dots connecting symbols tin can be varying colors, solid, dashed, or symbols between the points depending on the intensity and type of the system being tracked.[26] Different colors could also be used to differentiate storms from one other inside the same map.[27] If black and white markings are used, tropical low track portions can exist indicated past dots, with tropical storms indicated past dashes, systems of whirlwind/hurricane/typhoon force using a solid line, intermittent triangles for the subtropical cyclone stage, and intermittent plus signs for the extratropical whirlwind stage.[28] Systems of category 3 strength or greater on the Saffir–Simpson scale can be depicted with a thicker line.[29]

Sources of information [edit]

In guild to employ a hurricane tracking chart, one needs access to latitude/longitude pairs of the cyclone's center and maximum sustained wind data in order to know which symbol to describe. New tropical whirlwind information is available at least every twelve hours in the Southern Hemisphere and at to the lowest degree every 6 hours in the Northern Hemisphere from Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers and Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers.[xxx] [31] [32] [33] [34]

In decades past, newspaper, tv set, and radio (including weather radio) were chief sources for this information. Local television receiver stations within threatened markets would advertise tropical whirlwind positions within the morning, evening, and nightly news during their atmospheric condition segments. The Weather Channel includes the information within their tropical updates every hour during the Atlantic and Pacific hurricane seasons. Starting in the mid 1990s, the World wide web allowed for the development of ftp and web sites by the Bureau of Meteorology in Commonwealth of australia,[35] Canadian Hurricane Heart,[36] Central Pacific Hurricane Center,[37] the Nadi Tropical Whirlwind Centre/Fiji Meteorological Service,[38] Nihon Meteorological Agency,[39] Joint Typhoon Alarm Centre,[forty] Météo-France La Réunion, National Hurricane Center,[33] and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration which allows the end user to get their information from their official products.[41]

Use [edit]

The maps either utilize a mercator projection if restricted to the tropics and subtropics, but tin use a Lambert conformal conic projection if the maps reach towards the arctic for the Due north Atlantic basin where tropical cyclones move more poleward. Meteorologists use these maps to estimate a system'southward initial position based on aircraft, satellite, and surface data within surface weather analyses. The data is and so analyzed to determine recent storm motility and create and convey forecast tracks, wind swaths, uncertainty, related watches, and related warnings to end users of tropical cyclone forecasts.

Hurricane tracking charts allow people to track ongoing systems to class their own opinions regarding where the storms are going and whether or non they need to prepare for the organization being tracked, including possible evacuation. This continues to be encouraged by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Assistants and National Hurricane Center.[11] Some agencies provide rails storms in their immediate vicinity,[42] while others embrace unabridged sea basins. One can choose to track i tempest per map, use the map until the tabular array is filled, or use 1 map per season. Some tracking charts take important contact information in instance of an emergency or to locate nearby hurricane shelters.[nine] Tracking charts allow tropical cyclones to be better understood by the cease user.[43]

Hurricane tracker apps [edit]

A number of Hurricane tracker apps are also available online to install straight over a smartphone. By using these apps, one can hands runway the electric current action of the Hurricanes. Red Cross has also launched several applications for this purpose.[44]

References [edit]

  1. ^
  2. ^ George West. Cry, Willam H. Haggard, and Hugh S. White (1959). Technical Paper 36: North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Tracks and Frequencies of Hurricanes and Tropical Storms 1886-1958. United States Department of Commerce. p. 22. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ a b The Corpus Christi Caller-Times (1956-07-29). "Here's the Plotting Map; Be Your Ain 'Hurricane Hunter'". pp. 8B–9B.
  4. ^ a b c d e f United Press International (1977-06-03). "Hurricane Maps Popular". Vol. 83, no. 58. Ruston Daily Leader. p. sixteen.
  5. ^ a b The Travelers Insurance Visitor (1957). Hurricane Information and Tracking Nautical chart.
  6. ^ Florida Division of Emergency Direction (Feb 2011). "Hurricane Tracking Map" (PDF) . Retrieved 2017-06-03 .
  7. ^ Navasota Examiner (1964-08-27). "Hurricane Tracking Charts Available At Radio Station". Vol. 68, no. 51. p. 3.
  8. ^ Library of Congress Copyright Role (July–Dec 1977). "Catalog of Copyright Entries. Tertiary Series: 1977: July–December: Index". p. 907. Retrieved 2017-06-29 .
  9. ^ a b East Baton Rouge Parish Office of Emergency Management (2000). "East Baton Rouge Parish Hurricane Response Map" (PDF). Louisiana Department of the United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2017-06-04 .
  10. ^ City of Biloxi, Mississippi (2006). "Hurricane Tracking Map" (PDF). pp. 6–7. Retrieved 2017-06-19 .
  11. ^ a b National Ocean Service (2016-09-07). "Follow That Hurricane!" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Assistants. Retrieved 2017-06-02 .
  12. ^ Rita Narayan (2016-07-04). "Illustrated [Beufort Scale] Vanuatu Tropical Cyclone Tracking Map". Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards Department. Retrieved 2017-06-19 .
  13. ^ Panama Urban center Herald (1956-07-31). "80: New Merchandise HURRICANE Nautical chart". Vol. 40, no. 151. p. 14.
  14. ^ Corpus Christi Times (1974-09-30). "The Trading Post". Vol. 66, no. 69.
  15. ^ Climate Cess Technology (1982). The Hurricane Tracker: Users Guide for the IBM Personal Computer.
  16. ^ National Weather condition Service Office Brownsville, Texas. "Create Your Own Tropical Cyclone Track History" (PDF). National Atmospheric condition Service. Retrieved 2017-06-17 .
  17. ^ National Hurricane Center. "ERIKA Graphics Archive". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2017-06-17 .
  18. ^ ESRI (2004). "ArcGIS 9: Using ArcGIS Tracking Software" (PDF). TASC, Inc. Retrieved 2017-06-17 .
  19. ^ Ronald J. Miller; Ann J. Schrader; Charles R. Sampson & Ted Fifty. Tsui (December 1990). "The Automatic Tropical Cyclone Forecasting System (ATCF)". Weather and Forecasting. 5 (4): 653–600. Bibcode:1990WtFor...v..653M. doi:ten.1175/1520-0434(1990)005<0653:TATCFS>2.0.CO;ii.
  20. ^ a b c Sampson, Charles R; Schrader, Ann J (June 2000). "The Automated Tropical Cyclone Forecasting System (Version iii.ii)". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 81 (six): 1231–1240. Bibcode:2000BAMS...81.1231S. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<1231:tatcfs>ii.three.co;2.
  21. ^ a b Rappaport, Edward N; Franklin, James 50; Avila, Lixion A; Baig, Stephen R; Beven 2, John Fifty; Blake, Eric Due south; Burr, Christopher A; Jiing, Jiann-Gwo; Juckins, Christopher A; Knabb, Richard D; Landsea, Christopher W; Mainelli, Michelle; Mayfield, Max; McAdie, Colin J; Pasch, Richard J; Sisko, Christopher; Stewart, Stacy R; Tribble, Ahsha N (April 2009). "Advances and Challenges at the National Hurricane Centre". Weather and Forecasting. 24 (ii): 409. Bibcode:2009WtFor..24..395R. CiteSeerXx.i.i.207.4667. doi:10.1175/2008WAF2222128.one.
  22. ^ William A. Sherden (1998). The Fortune Sellers: The Big Business of Buying and Selling Predictions. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 39. ISBN978-0-471-18178-1 . Retrieved 2017-08-06 .
  23. ^ National Hurricane Center (2017). "National Hurricane Middle spider web site". Retrieved 2017-06-04 .
  24. ^ Robert P. Pearce, Majestic Meteorological Club, ed. (2002). Meteorology at the Millennium. Vol. 83. Academic Press. p. 103. ISBN978-0-12-548035-2 . Retrieved 2017-06-04 .
  25. ^ Steven P. Sopko and Robert J. Falvey (2015). "Annual Tropical Whirlwind Report 2015" (PDF). Joint Typhoon Alarm Center. p. 91. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-16. Retrieved 2017-06-04 .
  26. ^ National Hurricane Center (2017). "2016 Atlantic Hurricane Tracks". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2017-06-04 .
  27. ^ John Ingargiola, Clifford Oliver, James Gilpin, and Shabbar Saifee (2013-07-26). "Mitigation Assessment Squad Report: Hurricane Charley in Florida. Appendix E: The History of Hurricanes in Southwest Florida" (PDF). Federal Emergency Management Agency. p. E-2. Retrieved 2017-06-04 . {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ Richard J. Pasch, Todd B. Kimberlain, and Stacey R. Stewart (2014-09-09). "Preliminary Report Hurricane Floyd seven–17 September, 1999" (PDF). National Hurricane Heart. p. 24. Retrieved 2017-06-04 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. ^ Colin J. McAidie, Christopher W. Landsea, Charles J. Newmann, Joan East. David, and Eric S. Blake (July 2009). Historical Climatological Series 6-ii: Tropical Cyclones of the Northward Atlantic Ocean 1851–2006 (PDF). National Climatic Data Center. p. 202. ISBN978-0-387-09409-0 . Retrieved 2017-06-04 . {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ "Regional Specialized Meteorological Eye". Tropical Cyclone Plan (TCP). World Meteorological Organization. Apr 25, 2006. Retrieved Nov 5, 2006.
  31. ^ Fiji Meteorological Service (2017). "Services". Retrieved 2017-06-04 .
  32. ^ Joint Typhoon Alarm Center (2017). "Products and Service Notice". United States Navy. Retrieved 2017-06-04 .
  33. ^ a b National Hurricane Center (March 2016). "National Hurricane Center Product Description Certificate: A User's Guide to Hurricane Products" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2017-06-03 .
  34. ^ Japan Meteorological Bureau (2017). "Notes on RSMC Tropical Whirlwind Information". Retrieved 2017-06-04 .
  35. ^ Agency of Meteorology. Tropical Cyclone Advices, Bureau of Meteorology, 2009.
  36. ^ Canadian Hurricane Eye (2004). Canadian Hurricane Center's Responsibilities. Environment Canada. Retrieved on 2009-02-16. Archived May 15, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ National Atmospheric condition Service Honolulu, Hawai'i (2017). "Fundamental Pacific Hurricane Centre". Pacific Region Headquarters. Retrieved 2017-06-04 .
  38. ^ Fiji Meteorological Service. "Fiji Meteorological Service". Retrieved 2017-06-04 .
  39. ^ "Nihon Meteorological Agency: The national meteorological service of Japan" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2011-02-07 .
  40. ^ Articulation Typhoon Alert Heart. "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Archived from the original on August 12, 2009. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
  41. ^ Locsin, Joel (November i, 2014). "For improved response? PAGASA to prefer 'super typhoon' category in 2015". GMA News Online. Retrieved ii November 2014.
  42. ^ Vanuatu Meteorology & Geo-Hazards Section (2017). "Vanuatu Cyclone Tracking Map". Retrieved 2017-06-04 .
  43. ^ Tiffany Means (2016-05-18). "How to Use a Hurricane Tracking Chart". Thought Co. Retrieved 2017-06-03 .
  44. ^ "Hurricane Tracker Apps".

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_tracking_chart

Posted by: sealsmrsexamme.blogspot.com

0 Response to "What Do The Colors On A Tropical Hurricane Track Mean"

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel